Seemingly self-taught and certainly

Seemingly self-taught and certainly

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Indeed, the demand for uroscopy was too high to be satisfied by university-trained physicians (who were both rare and expensive), and many patients turned to less qualified practitioners. In mid-fifteenth-century Essex, John Crophill worked as both a bailiff and a healer. Seemingly self-taught and certainly not university educated, his commonplace book includes two texts on urine (alongside others on subjects such as blood-letting and astrology), plus a list of patients whose urine he had examined and to whom he had provided cures. Across the Channel, Jacoba Felice, an unlicensed female practitioner who appeared before the Parisian medical authorities in 1322, offered similar services. Several of her mostly female clientele recalled her “continually examining their urine in the manner of physicians and doctors” and reported that she had cured them when male physicians had failed to do so. สล็อต เว็บตรง